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Hydraulic Motor Terms

Aeration – Air in hydraulic fluid.

Accumulator – A container that stores fluid under pressure. Accumulators, the common types of which are piston, bladder and diaphragm, are used as an energy source or to absorb hydraulic shock.

Cylinder – A device that converts hydraulic energy into linear mechanical motion and force.

Displacement – The amount of fluid that passes through a pump, motor or cylinder in a period of time or during a single actuation event, such as a revolution or stroke.

Dry Friction Coefficient – The degree of friction that results from the contact between the moving surfaces of a motor shaft.

Filter – A device within a hydraulic system that is used to remove contaminants from the oil.

Fluid Power System – A system that utilizes fluid pressure to transmit and control power.

Gear – A toothed wheel used to transfer mechanical energy.

Hydraulics – The science dealing with the transmission of force through the medium of a contained fluid.

Hydraulic Tester – A device that is used to troubleshoot and check hydraulic-powered system components.

Line – A tube, pipe or hose that acts as a conductor of hydraulic fluid.

Oil – A slippery and viscous liquid that is not miscible with water. Oil is often used in hydraulic systems because it cannot be compressed.

Piston – A cylindrical piece of metal that moves up and down inside the cylinder of a hydraulic motor.

Pressure Plate – A plate on the side of a gear or vane pump or motor cartridge that is used to keep clearance and slippage to a minimum.

Pump – A mechanical device that transports liquids and gases by suction or pressure.

Resistance – In hydraulics, the condition engendered by an obstruction or restriction in the flow path.

Shaft – A device that is mechanically attached to the work load and provides rotary motion in motors.

Stroke – The movement of an element of a valve spool, cylinder rod or pump or motor displacement in a straight line that sets the limits of motion.

Throttle – A restriction to the normal flow of fluid.

Torque – The measure of the force applied to produce rotational motion, usually measured in foot-pounds.

Valve – A device that controls fluid flow rate, direction or pressure.

Vane – In a hydraulic motor, a flat surface that rotates and pushes against the fluid.